history of race

The Dozens

The Dozens

Here you see an album cover of musician and comedian “Speckled Red,” whose hit song “The Dirty Dozens” put samples of “the Dozens” to music, with a notable version published in 1929. But the tradition of the Dozens game goes back much further, echoing insult games that developed in western African countries like Ghana, and […]

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Wawa Gatheru

Wawa Gatheru Speaks at Shippensburg Univeristy

Tonight Shippensburg University welcomed guest lecturer Wawa Gatheru, a leader in the contemporary U.S. environmental justice movement. She had many interesting things to say, but since I am an historian, I especially appreciated her discussion of how the legacy of American slavery has led to environmental inequity today. Wawa Gatheru pointed to two ways this

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Jeffrey Grimes and Anna Crawford

Shippensburg University History Students Present Research on African American Community Employed by Thaddeus Stevens

At Shippensburg University, undergraduates have many opportunities to do original historical research projects supervised by faculty who are experts in their fields. Here you can see Jared Diehl and Anna Crawford’s poster presentation for the annual 2023 Academic Day, which commences the semester. Anna and Jared worked this summer to uncover whatever sources they could

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Medieval representations of blackness

Medieval slavery and blackness

As the 1300s began, the Christian-held areas of Spain saw an influx of slaves from a variety of cultures: Greeks, Armenians, Turks, foreign Muslims, and sub-Saharan Africans. While Christians (as well as Muslims and Jews) had legally enslaved people for centuries, they were newly confronted with the fact that some of their Muslim neighbors were

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