This Romano-British mosaic of combating gladiators speaks to the tradition of these bloody contests. It turns out, they were sanguineous in multiple ways — not only with the frequent slayings of the losers, but also in the way gladiator blood was revered for medicinal purposes.First appearing in the records about 260 BCE, gladiator fights originally […]
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Europeans practiced cannibalism well into the 19th century, and one of the favored ways to consume their own kind happened with beheadings. Here you see close-ups of a 1649 painting by artist John Weesop called “An Eyewitness Representation of the Execution of King Charles I”. Notice in the second image the rush of people collecting
Cannibalism in Medieval to 19th-Century Europe Read More »
Here you see the ruins of a base-end “fire station” that was created shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor when the U.S. entered the Second World War. Scouting stations like this one, which is on the Muir Woods lookout point (see second picture) were built along the northern California coastline to watch out for
World War II “Gopher Holes” Read More »
My niece and I got to hike up Mount Tamalpais, aka “Mount Tam,” one of the most treasured State Parks in California. Cresting off the coast of Stinson Beach, Mount Tam features giant redwoods and moss-covered rocks that frame a high tree canopy — until the trails open up to the stunning ocean views you
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The Auburn State Recreation Area, 40,000 acres of land along the Middle and North Forks of the American River, almost never existed.Once a major locus of interest during the California Gold Rush, the canyon was scheduled to be dammed when it was discovered to be along a major earthquake fault line and that damming it
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We who have been raised in a culture with microscopes and electronic microscopes take for granted the existence of a universe of minutiae that shape our surroundings (SARS-COV2, to pick an example we are all exhausted about). Before Antony van Leeuwenhoek developed his microscope around 1668, however, this was impossible.And so it was that a
William Ramesey’s Illustrations of Parasites Read More »
This is a picture of a Medieval garderobe, which back in the day could refer to a nook outside a castle wall which had a seat for defecating. Everyone needs to go, perhaps at least once a day, and those castle walls were high up. It actually sounds pretty hygienic — except for the fact
Erfurt Latrine Disaster of 1184 Read More »
In 1888, all of Britain was captivated by a string of goulish murders of indigent women in London’s East End slums. The perpetrator was of course Jack the Ripper, Britain’s most famous serial killer. What went on in the Whitechapel District of London that year has captivated the imaginations of millions of people since.It is
The Great Awakening had a lot of impact. Not only did it lay the groundwork for countless American high school students to read _The Scarlet Letter_, but it created a mood of religious dynamism that inspired many to begin their own Christian denominations. Like this person here, the “Publick Universal Friend,” neé Jemima Wilkinson, born
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This is a close-up picture that I took earlier this month near the Appalachian Trail in Central Pennsylvania of a very tiny fungus with an adorable moniker and a long pedigree for human use. Called “green elfcup” or “green wood cup,” the technical name of this mushroom is “Chloriciboria aeruginascens,” and although it is a
“Green Elf Cup” Fungus on Appalachian Trail Read More »
Happy Halloween, yunz’ all! In honor of the day, I thought it appropriate to do a post about the Bloody Mary apparition, which terrified many pubescent girls in the United States in the 1970s and ’80s.Trying to see if you could summon Bloody Mary was a genuine folk tradition. Because it was spread by word
This fascinating weapon is a parrying dagger from Italy dating to 1600. Today it is in Britain’s Wallace Collection, a museum with an extensive armor and sword collection, but back in the day it would have been used by a duelist who fought with a rapier in the other hand.This dagger is unusual for several
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We all know that our society creates ideas about gender, and that what we consider masculine or feminine today are transitive concepts. So it goes with how culture has treated babies’ and children’s clothing. This picture of a young Franklin Delano Roosevelt taken in 1884 is a case in point: he is wearing a white
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Some cultural icons reflect cutting-edge trends, and others cause them to be. This is a photo of the legendary Patti Smith, and she falls into the second category.The list of “firsts” Smith represented is lengthy. As music critic Nick Dohney writes, “She’s called the godmother of punk. _Horses_, her iconic first album, came out in
Punk Rocker Patti Smith Read More »
One of the biggest questions about our universe had long been just how big it is. Of course the stars we see are far away, but just how far was unknown for most of human history. Figuring out the answer to this question was an enormous challenge: it isn’t the case that the brightest stars
Henrietta Swan Leavitt and the “Standard Candle” Read More »
Back in school I didn’t understand that mathematics isn’t a bunch of static, objective “facts.” Rather, mathematicians work out their ideas in conversation with each other, and invent new concepts in the process. The manuscript you are looking at here was one of the most important math texts in history. Its author, Gerolamo Cardano, thought
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We might not realize it, but the Christian culture of today carries with it a footprint of the spiritual universe of the Ancient Mediterranean world. Although modern scientific models overlay most of our ideas about what the universe looks like, the pagan, Christian, and Jewish religions of Ancient Rome had undergone a sort of revolution
The Ancient Universe in Religion Read More »
Featured here is an evening sky shot of Faiyum, which for millennia was an important oasis in Egypt and definitely a place on my bucket list to see one day. The region preserves an unusual amount of evidence from the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Two recurring themes emerge from these sources — the concern with
Oasis of Faiyum in Ancient Egypt and Rome Read More »
Islamic demons, anyone? The famous Jinn (our word “genie” is derived from it) appeared in pre-Islamic mythology, but once the Arabian Peninsula had been taken over by the Muslim conquests of the seventh century, they were incorporated into this monotheistic religion. In early Islam, believers thought of the Jinn as mortal beings, albeit with superhuman
Jinn and Ifrit in Islam and Earlier Read More »
The deep red color you see here decorated the wall of an Ancient Roman aristocratic villa in the first century BCE. The color was known as vermilion, and it was made of the mineral cinnabar, precious to Ancient and Medieval peoples. They loved the hue they could get by mixing it with various bases. But
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