Zhuangzi (4th-c BCE) is one of the most famous philopsophers in Chinese history. In that oh-so-paradoxical-sounding way that Daoists often express themselves, Zhuangzi has a lighthearted and quippy way to think about death.The story he gives in the eponymously named _Zhuangzi_ tells of the sage’s response to his wife’s demise. After she passed away, a […]
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Dreams are universally experienced, but take on different meanings across time. In the Aboriginal cultures of Australia, “the Dreamtime” or “Alcheringa” in the Arandic central Australian language, refers not to an individual’s dreams, nor even to the images or narrations that come in sleep. Rather, it signifies an eternal space out of which comes creation,
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This Japanese sliding-door panel from about 1606 shows the allegedly immortal Liezi riding the winds. Although based on mythological stories, the flying figure also evokes a state of dreaming, since humans have recorded flying dreams across many civilizations. The Daoist text named after Liezi gives insight to a particular type of dream interpretation. In this
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This is, most sadly, not a photo of my summer vacation — one can dream, though. And back in the Ancient Greek times, dreaming is exactly why people went to this place in Pergamon, which was a particular type of healing temple called an _asclepeion_.Named after the Greek god of medicine, asclepeions were visited by
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Ancient Roman dreams weren’t just unlike our own because of the differences in physical environment, although that of course mattered. We probably don’t dream about breakfast foods made with fish oil, walking around in tunics, or bathing publicly in enormous baths (not usually, anyway). And cell phones, indoor lighting, and skyscrapers could never have been
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Dust bunnies on the ceiling out of control? No, this is an illustration of a Medieval dream, and it’s giving this character from a poem by Chaucer some anxiety. The interpretation of dreams could indeed be a cause for worry in these centuries.The Christian monks and bishops who wrote about dreams during the Middle Ages
The Black Moshannon State Park is smack-dab in the center of Pennsylvania. It shares much of the history of so many other preserved natural areas in the state, in that the region suffered horribly from clearcutting and deforestation before the Civilian Conservation Corps of the Depression era replanted before the park’s founding in 1937.The park
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This week, I’m looking at neglected women philosophers in history. This one featured here walked around naked and wrote poetry. You know, as one does.I introduce to you one Akka Mahadevi, who lived in southern India in the 12th century and was part of a religious movement called “Lingayatism.” This sect of Hinduism focused on
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Meet Aspasia of Miletus (d. about 400 BCE), a philosopher whose life illustrates that no matter how important and interesting a person’s ideas are, if no one records them, their impact fades. Certainly the most important female philosopher from the Ancient Greek past, Aspasia’s actual intellectual contributions are unknown to us. What we know is
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I extend this woman a formal invitation to my imaginary dinner party of Fascinating People I Want to Talk to. Here is Susanne Langer, and she is one of the most famous women philosophers in modern American history.I know: it’s a small club. But that shouldn’t detract from Langer’s accomplishments. Born in New York to
Susanne Langer – Art in Human Cognition Read More »
Ever hear of the philosophical puzzle called “the trolley problem”? It’s a famous way to make you realize that your instincts might not match up with your ideas about morality. Namely, most people would elect to throw a trolley switch that would take it off its course if it would kill only one person instead
Philippa Foot and “The Trolley Problem” Read More »
Let’s embrace our 14-year-old selves and discuss the funniest toilet humor in Ancient history. Appropriately, it’s found in a bar — in a tavern room from the late first/mid-second century Roman port city called Ostia Antica. The entire space is taken up with jokes about shi*ting – patrons could order wine while reading the walls.Known
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The Hebrew Bible or Christian Old Testament was averse to using vulgarity. This applied to basic human anatomy: instead of having the word penis, for instance, it might record “member,” “side,” or “flesh.” Women’s labia could be referred to as “hand.” Why?, you may ask? It had to do with the high-falutin’ genre of the
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Shield your eyes, my dainty ones, if you find this image overly shocking. But know that Medieval Europeans would not have found it so. You are looking at a row of phalluses carrying a crowned vulva on a bier. And this object is a type of pilgrimage badge — someone might have worn it to
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You are looking at one of the first written appearances of the f-word. (The other two contenders are a version in Scottish dialect and a Latin/English coded poem.) Written in 1528 by a monk-scribe in the margins of a book he was copying, this low-key graffiti artist was slandering his boss, the Abbot.This small scribble
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Finishing up this week’s theme of swearing in history, I turn now to the Victorian Age. In the 18th and 19th centuries, British and American elites became increasingly self-vigilant about avoiding words that might make them think about, you know, sex. And this took a lot of energy, so they ended up thinking about it
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In light of the times we are a-livin’ in right now, I thought it might be interesting to do a series this week on the history of conspiracy theories. The first photo you see here is one that just won’t go away, no matter how much evidence gets stacked against it time and time again.
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Here’s a very old conspiracy theory for you: the spurious accusations against the Knights Templars. As you can see from this late-15th century depiction, the charges were successful and many of the leaders were burned as a result.So if you don’t know, the Knights Templar was a religious order started to help protect Christians seeking
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Onto our third conspiracy theory in history for the week, which is the burning of Bridget Cleary. This takes us back to Ireland in 1895, when a man called Michael Cleary set his wife Bridget on fire because he believed that his “real” wife had been taken by fairies and replaced by a changeling. Several
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Conspiracy theories abounded in Ancient Rome: court intrigues were constantly at play among the Senatorial aristocracy, since favoritism and personal alliances rather than a democratically based bureaucracy brought power. And thus we come to the sad end of Stilicho, the barbarian leader who served Rome in the waning days of the Western Empire.Stilicho was half-Vandal,
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