There is a very long history of apocalyptic thinking in the history of Christianity, and one particularly strident episode came in the wake of the Protestant Reformation — specifically with regards to Martin Luther, who truly believed the End Times were imminent. Interpreted through Luther’s lens of European religious trends in the early 16th century,
Martin Luther and Apocalyptic Thought in the Italian Renaissance Read More »
Here you see a modern artist’s rendition of a mythical Malaysian evil tiger spirit called “hantu belian,” which the Malay peoples believed would possess a person’s body and make them commit great violence while they were unconsious. This belief in hantu belian’s destructive powers was pervasive enough that they formed the origin story of the
Hantu Belian and Running Amok Read More »
One of the unique features of human nature is that we are often motivated to do extreme actions — both good and bad — because of ideas. This drawing illustrates one of the uprisings leading to the Haitian Revolution, when slaves revolted against their masters and eventually established a slave-free state. (1791-1804). The slaves —
The Hatian Revolution and Hegel Read More »
In the late 1600s, a young wealthy Englishwoman decided to lead a very different life than her aristocratic sisters: this was one Celia Finnes (1662-1741), who decided not to marry and instead to travel all over the countryside on horseback — for over two decades. Celia Finnes had a couple servants who joined her, but
This is the face of Queen Nanny of the Maroons, a hero so important to Jamaican history that she earned her visage on the $500 Jamaican bill. Living from indeterminate dates from the 1600s to 1700s, accounts of Queen Nanny largely come from oral histories and are difficult to pin down with certainty. She probably
Queen Nanny of the Maroons Read More »
Stories from the French Revolution leave a physical mark even in the southern French countryside. Here are two episodes that reflect the violence of the counter-revolution and explain the reasons that the peasantry revolted in the first place. The last three images show an aristocratic mansion and fortress in the small mountainside village of Banne.
You are looking at the cover of one of the very first science-fiction novels. Written by the astronomer Johannes Kepler in 1608 (but published posthumously), _Somnium_ (“the dream”) tells the story of a youth named Duracotcus who undertakes a journey to study with the astronomer Tycho Brahe. When Duracotus returns home, his mother explains to
“Somnium” By Johannes Kepler Read More »
Tycho Brahe (d. 1601), arguably one of the best naked-eye astronomers in history, also had one of the most famous noses in history. Mostly remembered for his accurate and detailed observations on the locations of stars and planets, twenty-year-old Tycho got into a drunken argument with a distant cousin about who was the better mathematician.
Although my posts for the next few weeks are mostly going to be repeats as the website gets built, I couldn’t help but write up this story about willow tree bark and aspirin. Dear reader, you, like me, may have been under the impression that for millennia, people in different parts of the world relied
Willow Bark Medicine Read More »
Just in time for the fall season, *and* Halloween, comes the news of a recent discovery in Poland of a 17th-century “Vampire” burial. An archaeological team led by Dariusz Polinsky of the Nicholas Copernicus University was conducting excavations around an Early Modern graveyard near Bydgoszcz when they unearthed the skeleton shown here. It belonged to
What the heck. So this is an illustration of a pope (Innocent X, to be exact), who is having his testicles examined by a cardinal to make darn tootin’ certain that the newly-selected leader of Christendom is a man. Made in 1645, this print testifies to a long-lasting legend that all popes had to undergo
Papal Testicle Examination Read More »
This African mask from the 1500s is on display this fall of 2022 at the NYC Metropolitan Museum of Art as part of an exhibit on the African origins of civilization. Exquisitely carved from precious ivory, it provides testimony to one of Africa’s more recent civilizations, the Kingdom of Benin. The capital city of Benin
The Kingdom of Benin Read More »
#what-I-didn’t-see-on-my-way-to-work-this-morning Here is a detail from a 15th-century manuscript showing a mermaid playing music. She’s got two instruments and only two arms, so she is obviously quite the bard. Mermaids were widely believed to be real creatures in the Middle Ages. In fact, women/sea-creature hybrids have been fabulous legends across many civilizations, but they end
Since it is almost Halloween, what could be more fitting than a horror story featuring a mythical creature? Gather ’round ye old phone screen for the tale of the Warsaw Basilisk. This story has been examined by many scholars — not for its veracity, but to establish that the account did indeed occur in the
Finding a more arcane and mysterious text than the Voynich Manuscript would be difficult. Written in 1420, the script has thwarted the world’s best cryptogrographers – linguists have failed alongside computer A.I specialists to decode the 200-page book. Just yesterday a story broke that a British linguist has solved the code – he claims the
The Voynich Manuscript Read More »
The two pictures in this post seem to have nothing to do with each other, but they are connected by a surprising history: “white gold,” aka guano, i.e. bird excrement. This stuff once drove human cultures in these now depopulated areas. The first image shows the Atacama Desert of Chile, the driest non-polar desert in
The face inside this cowl might look unsettling to us today — the light skin peers out from the dark clothes in a startling way, and those eyes hold a distant focus that might seem creepy. But in late 15th-century Italy, this man was an extremely popular religious leader that practically controlled Florence — the
Girolamo Savonarola Read More »
Everyone knows about the great witch-hunts of the Early Modern period in Europe, when up to 45,000 people were executed for crimes of using magic and consorting with devils — most of these alleged witches were women, and one of the areas most affected were German-speaking lands. The old woman riding backwards on a goat
Christina Rauscher, the Witch Read More »
Scene: a British coffeehouse from the late seventeenth century. Fact: to us, this cafe likely would have smelled far better than London’s streets, with their crowds and lack of sewage treatment. However – what we consider a pleasant aroma has changed over time. As historian of smell Mark S. R. Jenner writes, “in 1657 a
Late 17th Century British Coffeehouse Read More »
Between 1582 to 1589, the British occultists John Dee and Edward Kelly claimed to have received multiple messages from angels. Writing these transmissions up, they formed the basis of the Enochian magical system, which was re-discovered and popularized over 300 years later by Alistair Crowley, a controversial (and free-love promoting) spiritualist. Pictured here is a
